Abstract: Simultaneous estimation of bioluminescence source term and boundary conditions from in situ irradiance data is presented. Inverse analysis is performed by solving a nonlinear optimization problem, where the objective function is given by the square difference between experimental and computed data plus a regularization term. The forward problem is tackled with the LTS_N method that numerically solves the radiative transfer equation. The experimental data are simulated with synthetic data corrupted with noise.