H.F. de Campos Velho, .C.F. Barbosa, D.R. Roberti, R.P. Souto, E.H. Shiguemori (2005): Inverse Analysis in Geoscience Problems, Iberian LAtin American Congress on Computational Methods in Engineering (CILAMCE-2005), October 19-21, Guarapari (ES), Brazil.

Abstract: The work is focused on recent results obtained from some geoscience applications. In meteorology, the retrieval of the vertical profile of the atmospheric temperature from satellite data, and the estimation of the source term in the atmospheric pollution. The estimation of the vertical atmospheric temperature from radiaces at infrared wavelenth is computed employing artificial neural networks. The radiative transfer equation is known as Schwarchild's equation, in the absence of clouds, where there is no scattering, and the atmosphere is considered as a black body. A source-repector strategy is used for identifying the atmospheric pollutant source, where the Lagrangian particle model is applied for solving the forward dispersion problem. A methodology to reconstruct vertical profiles of the absorption and scattering coefficients in offshore ocean waters is also presented, using radiance measurements. Bio-optical models are employed to correlate the chlorophyll concentration to these coefficients, and the radiative transfer equation is solved using the Laplace transform discrete ordinate (LTSN) method. Finally, a recent gravity inversion method is shown. The novelty in this geophysics inversion is the regularization procedure, that combines the minimization of the first-order entropy with the maximization of the zeroth-order entropy. Most of the applications, the inverse analysis is formulated as an optimization problem, where several deterministic and stochastic approaches are used: quasi-Newton method, simulated annealing, and ant colony system.