Abstract: Simultaneous estimation of bioluminescence source term and boundary conditions from in situ radiance data is presented. Inverse analysis is permorfed by solving a nonlinear optimization problem, where the objective function is given by the square difference between experimental and computed data plus an regularization term. The forward problem is tackled with the LTSn method that numerically solves the ratiative transfer equation. The experimental data are simulated with synthetic data corrupted with noise.